实现双重调派[Java编程]

记着多形性只能通过办法调用才能表现出来,所以假定想使双重调派精确举行,必须履行两个办法调用:

在每种构造中都用一个来判断此中的范例.在Trash构造中,将利用一个新的办法调用addToBin(),它采取的参数是由TypeBin构成的一个数组.那个办法将在数组中遍历,尝试将自己加入得当的垃圾筒,这里恰是双重调派发生的地方.

新成立的分级构造是TypeBin,此中包含了它自己的一个办法,名为add(),并且也利用了多形性.但要注意一个新特点:add()已举行了“过载”处理,可承受差别的垃圾范例作为参数.因此,双重满意机制的一个关键点是它也要触及到过载.
程序的重新计划也带来了一个问题:目前的底子类Trash必须包含一个addToBin()办法.为办理这个问题,一个最直接的办法是复制全部代码,并改正底子类.但是,假定没有对源码的掌握权,那么还有另一个办法可以考虑:将addToBin()办法置入一个接口内部,保持Trash不变,并担当新的、特别的范例Aluminum,Paper,Glass以及Cardboard.我们在这里预备采纳后一个办法.
这个计划筹划顶用到的大大都类都必须设为public（公用）属性,所以它们安排于自己的类内.下面列出接口代码:

//: TypedBinMember.java
// An interface for adding the double dispatching
// method to the trash hierarchy without 
// modifying the original hierarchy.
package c16.doubledispatch;

interface TypedBinMember {
  // The new method:
  boolean addToBin(TypedBin[] tb);
} ///:~

//: DDAluminum.java
// Aluminum for double dispatching
package c16.doubledispatch;
import c16.trash.*;

public class DDAluminum extends Aluminum 
    implements TypedBinMember {
  public DDAluminum(double wt) { super(wt); }
  public boolean addToBin(TypedBin[] tb) {
    for(int i = 0; i < tb.length; i++)
      if(tb[i].add(this))
        return true;
    return false;
  }
} ///:~

//: DDPaper.java
// Paper for double dispatching
package c16.doubledispatch;
import c16.trash.*;

public class DDPaper extends Paper 
    implements TypedBinMember {
  public DDPaper(double wt) { super(wt); }
  public boolean addToBin(TypedBin[] tb) {
    for(int i = 0; i < tb.length; i++)
      if(tb[i].add(this))
        return true;
    return false;
  }
} ///:~

//: DDGlass.java
// Glass for double dispatching
package c16.doubledispatch;
import c16.trash.*;

public class DDGlass extends Glass 
    implements TypedBinMember {
  public DDGlass(double wt) { super(wt); }
  public boolean addToBin(TypedBin[] tb) {
    for(int i = 0; i < tb.length; i++)
      if(tb[i].add(this))
        return true;
    return false;
  }
} ///:~

//: DDCardboard.java
// Cardboard for double dispatching
package c16.doubledispatch;
import c16.trash.*;

public class DDCardboard extends Cardboard 
    implements TypedBinMember {
  public DDCardboard(double wt) { super(wt); }
  public boolean addToBin(TypedBin[] tb) {
    for(int i = 0; i < tb.length; i++)
      if(tb[i].add(this))
        return true;
    return false;
  }
} ///:~

//: TypedBin.java
// Vector that knows how to grab the right type
package c16.doubledispatch;
import c16.trash.*;
import java.util.*;

public abstract class TypedBin {
  Vector v = new Vector();
  protected boolean addIt(Trash t) {
    v.addElement(t);
    return true;
  }
  public Enumeration elements() {
    return v.elements();
  }
  public boolean add(DDAluminum a) {
    return false;
  }
  public boolean add(DDPaper a) {
    return false;
  }
  public boolean add(DDGlass a) {
    return false;
  }
  public boolean add(DDCardboard a) {
    return false;
  }
} ///:~

c16.DoubleDispatch.DDGlass:54
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDPaper:22
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDPaper:11
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDGlass:17
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDAluminum:89
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDPaper:88
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDAluminum:76
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDCardboard:96
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDAluminum:25
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDAluminum:34
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDGlass:11
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDGlass:68
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDGlass:43
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDAluminum:27
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDCardboard:44
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDAluminum:18
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDPaper:91
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDGlass:63
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDGlass:50
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDGlass:80
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDAluminum:81
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDCardboard:12
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDGlass:12
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDGlass:54
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDAluminum:36
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDAluminum:93
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDGlass:93
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDPaper:80
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDGlass:36
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDGlass:12
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDGlass:60
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDPaper:66
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDAluminum:36
c16.DoubleDispatch.DDCardboard:22

//: DoubleDispatch.java
// Using multiple dispatching to handle more
// than one unknown type during a method call.
package c16.doubledispatch;
import c16.trash.*;
import java.util.*;

class AluminumBin extends TypedBin {
  public boolean add(DDAluminum a) {
    return addIt(a);
  }
}

class PaperBin extends TypedBin {
  public boolean add(DDPaper a) {
    return addIt(a);
  }
}

class GlassBin extends TypedBin {
  public boolean add(DDGlass a) {
    return addIt(a);
  }
}

class CardboardBin extends TypedBin {
  public boolean add(DDCardboard a) {
    return addIt(a);
  }
}

class TrashBinSet {
  private TypedBin[] binSet = {
    new AluminumBin(),
    new PaperBin(),
    new GlassBin(),
    new CardboardBin()
  };
  public void sortIntoBins(Vector bin) {
    Enumeration e = bin.elements();
    while(e.hasMoreElements()) {
      TypedBinMember t = 
        (TypedBinMember)e.nextElement();
      if(!t.addToBin(binSet))
        System.err.println("Couldn't add " + t);
    }
  }
  public TypedBin[] binSet() { return binSet; }
}

public class DoubleDispatch {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Vector bin = new Vector();
    TrashBinSet bins = new TrashBinSet();
    // ParseTrash still works, without changes:
    ParseTrash.fillBin("DDTrash.dat", bin);
    // Sort from the master bin into the 
    // individually-typed bins:
    bins.sortIntoBins(bin);
    TypedBin[] tb = bins.binSet();
    // Perform sumValue for each bin...
    for(int i = 0; i < tb.length; i++)
      Trash.sumValue(tb[i].v);
    // ... and for the master bin
    Trash.sumValue(bin);
  }
} ///:~