提替换码列表[Java编程]

关于本书每一个完好的代码列表（不是代码段）,大家无疑会注意到它们都用特别的注释暗号起始与完毕（'//:'和'///:~'）.之所以要包含这种标志信息,是为了能将代码从本书自动提取到兼容的源码文件中.在我的前一本书里,我计划了一个系统,可将测试过的代码文件自动归并到书中.但关于这本书,我发现一种更简便的做法是一旦通过了最初的测试,就把代码粘贴到书中.并且由于很难第一次就编译通过,所以我在书的内部编辑代码.但若何提取并测试代码呢?这个程序就是关键.假如你打算办理一个文字处理的问题,那么它也很有操纵代价.该例也演示了String类的很多特点.
我首先将整本书都以ASCII文本格局保存成一个独立的文件.CodePackager程序有两种运行情势（在usageString有呼应的描写）:假如利用-p标志,程序就会查抄一个包含了ASCII文本（即本书的内容）的一个输入文件.它会遍历这个文件,按照注释暗号提取出代码,并用位于第一行的文件名来决意成立文件利用什么名字.除此以外,在需求将文件置入一个特别目录的时刻,它还会查抄package语句（按照由package语句指定的途径挑选）.
但这样还不够.程序还要对包（package）名举行跟踪,从而监督章内发生的改变.由于每一章利用的全部包都以c02,c03,c04等等起头,用于标志它们所属的是哪一章（除那些以com起头的以外,它们在对差别的章举行跟踪的时刻会被忽视）——只要每一章的第一个代码列表包含了一个package,所以CodePackager程序能知道每一章发生的改变,并将后续的文件放到新的子目录里.
每个文件提取出来时,城市置入一个SourceCodeFile对象,随后再将那个对象置入一个调集（背面还会细致报告这个历程）.这些SourceCodeFile对象可以简单地保存在文件中,那恰是本项目的第二个用处.假如直接调用CodePackager,不增添-p标志,它就会将一个“打包”文件作为输入.那个文件随后会被提取（释放）进入单独的文件.所以-p标志的意思就是提取出来的文件已被“打包”（packed）进入这个单一的文件.
但为什么还要如此麻烦地利用打包文件呢?这是由于差别的计算机平台用差别的方法在文件里保存文本信息.此中最大的问题是换行字符的表示办法;当然,还有大概存在另一些问题.但是,Java有一种特别范例的IO数据流——DataOutputStream——它可以保证“无论数据来自何种机械,只要利用一个DataInputStream收取这些数据,便可用本机精确的格局保存它们”.也就是说,Java负责掌握与差别平台有关的全部细节,而这恰是Java最具魅力的一点.所以-p标志能将全部东西都保存到单一的文件里,并采取通用的格局.用户可从Web下载这个文件以及Java程序,然后对这个文件运行CodePackager,同时不指定-p标志,文件便会释放到系统中精确的场所（亦可指定另一个子目录;不然就在当前目录成立子目录）.为确保不会留下与特定平台有关的格局,但凡需求描写一个文件或途径的时刻,我们就利用File对象.除此以外,还有一项分外的安全办法:在每个子目录里都放入一个空文件;那个文件的名字指出在那个子目录里应找到多少个文件.
下面是完好的代码,背面会对它举行具体的阐明:

//: CodePackager.java
// "Packs" and "unpacks" the code in "Thinking 
// in Java" for cross-platform distribution.
/* Commented so CodePackager sees it and starts
   a new chapter directory, but so you don't 
   have to worry about the directory where this
   program lives:
package c17;
*/
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;

class Pr {
  static void error(String e) {
    System.err.println("ERROR: " + e);
    System.exit(1);
  }
}

class IO {
  static BufferedReader disOpen(File f) {
    BufferedReader in = null;
    try {
      in = new BufferedReader(
        new FileReader(f));
    } catch(IOException e) {
      Pr.error("could not open " + f);
    }
    return in;
  }
  static BufferedReader disOpen(String fname) {
    return disOpen(new File(fname));
  }
  static DataOutputStream dosOpen(File f) {
    DataOutputStream in = null;
    try {
      in = new DataOutputStream(
        new BufferedOutputStream(
          new FileOutputStream(f)));
    } catch(IOException e) {
      Pr.error("could not open " + f);
    }
    return in;
  }
  static DataOutputStream dosOpen(String fname) {
    return dosOpen(new File(fname));
  }
  static PrintWriter psOpen(File f) {
    PrintWriter in = null;
    try {
      in = new PrintWriter(
        new BufferedWriter(
          new FileWriter(f)));
    } catch(IOException e) {
      Pr.error("could not open " + f);
    }
    return in;
  }
  static PrintWriter psOpen(String fname) {
    return psOpen(new File(fname));
  }
  static void close(Writer os) {
    try {
      os.close();
    } catch(IOException e) {
      Pr.error("closing " + os);
    }
  }
  static void close(DataOutputStream os) {
    try {
      os.close();
    } catch(IOException e) {
      Pr.error("closing " + os);
    }
  }
  static void close(Reader os) {
    try {
      os.close();
    } catch(IOException e) {
      Pr.error("closing " + os);
    }
  }
}

class SourceCodeFile {
  public static final String 
    startMarker = "//:", // Start of source file
    endMarker = "} ///:~", // End of source
    endMarker2 = "}; ///:~", // C++ file end
    beginContinue = "} ///:Continued",
    endContinue = "///:Continuing",
    packMarker = "###", // Packed file header tag
    eol = // Line separator on current system
      System.getProperty("line.separator"),
    filesep = // System's file path separator
      System.getProperty("file.separator");
  public static String copyright = "";
  static {
    try {
      BufferedReader cr =
        new BufferedReader(
          new FileReader("Copyright.txt"));
      String crin;
      while((crin = cr.readLine()) != null)
        copyright += crin + "\n";
      cr.close();
    } catch(Exception e) {
      copyright = "";
    }
  }
  private String filename, dirname,
    contents = new String();
  private static String chapter = "c02";
  // The file name separator from the old system:
  public static String oldsep;
  public String toString() {
    return dirname + filesep + filename;
  }
  // Constructor for parsing from document file:
  public SourceCodeFile(String firstLine, 
      BufferedReader in) {
    dirname = chapter;
    // Skip past marker:
    filename = firstLine.substring(
        startMarker.length()).trim();
    // Find space that terminates file name:
    if(filename.indexOf(' ') != -1)
      filename = filename.substring(
          0, filename.indexOf(' '));
    System.out.println("found: " + filename);
    contents = firstLine + eol;
    if(copyright.length() != 0)
      contents += copyright + eol;
    String s;
    boolean foundEndMarker = false;
    try {
      while((s = in.readLine()) != null) {
        if(s.startsWith(startMarker))
          Pr.error("No end of file marker for " +
            filename);
        // For this program, no spaces before 
        // the "package" keyword are allowed
        // in the input source code:
        else if(s.startsWith("package")) {
          // Extract package name:
          String pdir = s.substring(
            s.indexOf(' ')).trim();
          pdir = pdir.substring(
            0, pdir.indexOf(';')).trim();
          // Capture the chapter from the package
          // ignoring the 'com' subdirectories:
          if(!pdir.startsWith("com")) {
            int firstDot = pdir.indexOf('.');
            if(firstDot != -1)
              chapter = 
                pdir.substring(0,firstDot);
            else
              chapter = pdir;
          }
          // Convert package name to path name:
          pdir = pdir.replace(
            '.', filesep.charAt(0));
          System.out.println("package " + pdir);
          dirname = pdir;
        }
        contents += s + eol;
        // Move past continuations:
        if(s.startsWith(beginContinue))
          while((s = in.readLine()) != null)
            if(s.startsWith(endContinue)) {
              contents += s + eol;
              break;
            }
        // Watch for end of code listing:
        if(s.startsWith(endMarker) ||
           s.startsWith(endMarker2)) {
          foundEndMarker = true;
          break;
        }
      }
      if(!foundEndMarker)
        Pr.error(
          "End marker not found before EOF");
      System.out.println("Chapter: " + chapter);
    } catch(IOException e) {
      Pr.error("Error reading line");
    }
  }
  // For recovering from a packed file:
  public SourceCodeFile(BufferedReader pFile) {
    try {
      String s = pFile.readLine();
      if(s == null) return;
      if(!s.startsWith(packMarker))
        Pr.error("Can't find " + packMarker
          + " in " + s);
      s = s.substring(
        packMarker.length()).trim();
      dirname = s.substring(0, s.indexOf('#'));
      filename = s.substring(s.indexOf('#') + 1);
      dirname = dirname.replace(
        oldsep.charAt(0), filesep.charAt(0));
      filename = filename.replace(
        oldsep.charAt(0), filesep.charAt(0));
      System.out.println("listing: " + dirname 
        + filesep + filename);
      while((s = pFile.readLine()) != null) {
        // Watch for end of code listing:
        if(s.startsWith(endMarker) ||
           s.startsWith(endMarker2)) {
          contents += s;
          break;
        }
        contents += s + eol;
      }
    } catch(IOException e) {
      System.err.println("Error reading line");
    }
  }
  public boolean hasFile() { 
    return filename != null; 
  }
  public String directory() { return dirname; }
  public String filename() { return filename; }
  public String contents() { return contents; }
  // To write to a packed file:
  public void writePacked(DataOutputStream out) {
    try {
      out.writeBytes(
        packMarker + dirname + "#" 
        + filename + eol);
      out.writeBytes(contents);
    } catch(IOException e) {
      Pr.error("writing " + dirname + 
        filesep + filename);
    }
  }
  // To generate the actual file:
  public void writeFile(String rootpath) {
    File path = new File(rootpath, dirname);
    path.mkdirs();
    PrintWriter p =
      IO.psOpen(new File(path, filename));
    p.print(contents);
    IO.close(p);
  }
}

class DirMap {
  private Hashtable t = new Hashtable();
  private String rootpath;
  DirMap() {
    rootpath = System.getProperty("user.dir");
  }
  DirMap(String alternateDir) {
    rootpath = alternateDir;
  }
  public void add(SourceCodeFile f){
    String path = f.directory();
    if(!t.containsKey(path))
      t.put(path, new Vector());
    ((Vector)t.get(path)).addElement(f);
  }
  public void writePackedFile(String fname) {
    DataOutputStream packed = IO.dosOpen(fname);
    try {
      packed.writeBytes("###Old Separator:" +
        SourceCodeFile.filesep + "###\n");
    } catch(IOException e) {
      Pr.error("Writing separator to " + fname);
    }
    Enumeration e = t.keys();
    while(e.hasMoreElements()) {
      String dir = (String)e.nextElement();
      System.out.println(
        "Writing directory " + dir);
      Vector v = (Vector)t.get(dir);
      for(int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) {
        SourceCodeFile f = 
          (SourceCodeFile)v.elementAt(i);
        f.writePacked(packed);
      }
    }
    IO.close(packed);
  }
  // Write all the files in their directories:
  public void write() {
    Enumeration e = t.keys();
    while(e.hasMoreElements()) {
      String dir = (String)e.nextElement();
      Vector v = (Vector)t.get(dir);
      for(int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) {
        SourceCodeFile f = 
          (SourceCodeFile)v.elementAt(i);
        f.writeFile(rootpath);
      }
      // Add file indicating file quantity
      // written to this directory as a check:
      IO.close(IO.dosOpen(
        new File(new File(rootpath, dir),
          Integer.toString(v.size())+".files")));
    }
  }
}

public class CodePackager {
  private static final String usageString =
  "usage: java CodePackager packedFileName" +
  "\nExtracts source code files from packed \n" +
  "version of Tjava.doc sources into " +
  "directories off current directory\n" +
  "java CodePackager packedFileName newDir\n" +
  "Extracts into directories off newDir\n" +
  "java CodePackager -p source.txt packedFile" +
  "\nCreates packed version of source files" +
  "\nfrom text version of Tjava.doc";
  private static void usage() {
    System.err.println(usageString);
    System.exit(1);
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    if(args.length == 0) usage();
    if(args[0].equals("-p")) {
      if(args.length != 3)
        usage();
      createPackedFile(args);
    }
    else {
      if(args.length > 2)
        usage();
      extractPackedFile(args);
    }
  }
  private static String currentLine; 
  private static BufferedReader in;
  private static DirMap dm;
  private static void 
  createPackedFile(String[] args) {
    dm = new DirMap();
    in = IO.disOpen(args[1]);
    try {
      while((currentLine = in.readLine()) 
          != null) {
        if(currentLine.startsWith(
            SourceCodeFile.startMarker)) {
          dm.add(new SourceCodeFile(
                   currentLine, in));
        }
        else if(currentLine.startsWith(
            SourceCodeFile.endMarker))
          Pr.error("file has no start marker");
        // Else ignore the input line
      }
    } catch(IOException e) {
      Pr.error("Error reading " + args[1]);
    }
    IO.close(in);
    dm.writePackedFile(args[2]);
  }
  private static void 
  extractPackedFile(String[] args) {
    if(args.length == 2) // Alternate directory
      dm = new DirMap(args[1]);
    else // Current directory
      dm = new DirMap();
    in = IO.disOpen(args[0]);
    String s = null;
    try {
       s = in.readLine();
    } catch(IOException e) {
      Pr.error("Cannot read from " + in);
    }
    // Capture the separator used in the system
    // that packed the file:
    if(s.indexOf("###Old Separator:") != -1 ) {
      String oldsep = s.substring(
        "###Old Separator:".length());
      oldsep = oldsep.substring(
        0, oldsep. indexOf('#'));
      SourceCodeFile.oldsep = oldsep;
    }
    SourceCodeFile sf = new SourceCodeFile(in);
    while(sf.hasFile()) {
      dm.add(sf);
      sf = new SourceCodeFile(in);
    }
    dm.write();
  }
} ///:~

//////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Copyright (c) Bruce Eckel, 1998
// Source code file from the book "Thinking in Java"
// All rights reserved EXCEPT as allowed by the
// following statements: You may freely use this file
// for your own work (personal or commercial),
// including modifications and distribution in
// executable form only. Permission is granted to use
// this file in classroom situations, including its
// use in presentation materials, as long as the book
// "Thinking in Java" is cited as the source. 
// Except in classroom situations, you may not copy
// and distribute this code; instead, the sole
// distribution point is http://www.BruceEckel.com 
// (and official mirror sites) where it is
// freely available. You may not remove this
// copyright and notice. You may not distribute
// modified versions of the source code in this
// package. You may not use this file in printed
// media without the express permission of the
// author. Bruce Eckel makes no representation about
// the suitability of this software for any purpose.
// It is provided "as is" without express or implied
// warranty of any kind, including any implied
// warranty of merchantability, fitness for a
// particular purpose or non-infringement. The entire
// risk as to the quality and performance of the
// software is with you. Bruce Eckel and the
// publisher shall not be liable for any damages
// suffered by you or any third party as a result of
// using or distributing software. In no event will
// Bruce Eckel or the publisher be liable for any
// lost revenue, profit, or data, or for direct,
// indirect, special, consequential, incidental, or
// punitive damages, however caused and regardless of
// the theory of liability, arising out of the use of
// or inability to use software, even if Bruce Eckel
// and the publisher have been advised of the
// possibility of such damages. Should the software
// prove defective, you assume the cost of all
// necessary servicing, repair, or correction. If you
// think you've found an error, please email all
// modified files with clearly commented changes to:
// Bruce@EckelObjects.com. (please use the same
// address for non-code errors found in the book).
//////////////////////////////////////////////////