为什么要上溯造型[Java编程]

//: Music2.java 
// Overloading instead of upcasting

class Note2 {
  private int value;
  private Note2(int val) { value = val; }
  public static final Note2
    middleC = new Note2(0), 
    cSharp = new Note2(1),
    cFlat = new Note2(2);
} // Etc.

class Instrument2 {
  public void play(Note2 n) {
    System.out.println("Instrument2.play()");
  }
}

class Wind2 extends Instrument2 {
  public void play(Note2 n) {
    System.out.println("Wind2.play()");
  }
}

class Stringed2 extends Instrument2 {
  public void play(Note2 n) {
    System.out.println("Stringed2.play()");
  }
}

class Brass2 extends Instrument2 {
  public void play(Note2 n) {
    System.out.println("Brass2.play()");
  }
}

public class Music2 {
  public static void tune(Wind2 i) {
    i.play(Note2.middleC);
  }
  public static void tune(Stringed2 i) {
    i.play(Note2.middleC);
  }
  public static void tune(Brass2 i) {
    i.play(Note2.middleC);
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Wind2 flute = new Wind2();
    Stringed2 violin = new Stringed2();
    Brass2 frenchHorn = new Brass2();
    tune(flute); // No upcasting
    tune(violin);
    tune(frenchHorn);
  }
} ///:~